L-CARNITINE

L-Carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate) is a quaternary ammonium compound central to mitochondrial fatty-acid handling. In research settings it is used to interrogate substrate selection, β-oxidation flux, and acyl-group buffering across skeletal muscle, cardiac, and hepatic systems. Experimental work also examines effects on metabolic flexibility, exercise physiology, and mitochondrial redox balance.

Carnitine Shuttle: L-Carnitine participates in the long-chain fatty-acid transport system: CPT1 forms acyl-carnitine at the outer mitochondrial membrane → CACT translocates it across the inner membrane → CPT2 regenerates acyl-CoA in the matrix for β-oxidation.
Acyl Buffering: Via carnitine acyltransferases (e.g., CAT, CrAT), carnitine buffers acyl-CoA/CoA ratios, supports CoA recycling, and modulates acetyl-CoA load (acetyl-carnitine formation) with downstream effects on PDH regulation and TCA flux.
Mitochondrial Effects: Investigations track changes in acyl-carnitine pools, respiratory control ratios, lipid-derived ROS, and membrane potential during nutrient or exercise stress paradigms.

β-oxidation and substrate-switching assays • Exercise recovery and muscle energetics • Hepatic lipid handling and steatosis models • Cardiac mitochondrial efficiency • Acyl-CoA/CoA homeostasis and acetyl-carnitine kinetics • Metabolic inflexibility and insulin-sensitivity research.

Revitalized Health compounds are prepared under cGMP-aligned conditions using pharmaceutical-grade inputs. Each L-Carnitine lot is confirmed at ≥99% purity by HPLC with identity verified via LC-MS/MS. Lots undergo appearance and solubility checks; pH/osmolality (where applicable) and microbial/endotoxin limits are assessed to research-grade specifications. Batch Certificates of Analysis document methods, parameters, and results.

Store dry material tightly closed at 15–25 °C in a low-humidity, light-protected environment. After preparing aqueous solutions, maintain at 2–8 °C and utilize within 20 days. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles and prolonged exposure to elevated temperature or extreme pH to preserve integrity.

For laboratory research use only. Not intended for human consumption, therapeutic, or diagnostic application. Supplied exclusively to qualified professionals conducting controlled scientific investigations.

Target: Carnitine shuttle components—CPT1 (outer mitochondrial membrane), CACT (SLC25A20), CPT2 (inner membrane).
Mode: Quaternary ammonium compound that forms acyl-carnitine to ferry long-chain fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes, enabling β-oxidation; buffers acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio to support PDH activity and metabolic flexibility during exercise and recovery.
Analytics: Identity/purity by HPLC/LC-MS; plasma free/total carnitine and acyl-carnitine profiling via LC-MS/MS; indirect calorimetry (RER), VO₂, lactate kinetics; in-vitro palmitate oxidation assays. Safety monitoring: GI tolerance, rare seizure threshold considerations in predisposed individuals; note gut-microbiome–derived TMAO as a contextual biomarker in some studies.